Neuromancer | Summary & Cultural Impact | Britannica Neuromancer by William Gibson - AbeBooks noun a person who uses witchcraft or sorcery, especially to reani-mate dead people or to foretell the future by communicating with them: In the story, the boy is killed by a serial killer and then re-vived as a zombie by a necromancer. Neuro from the nerves, the silver paths. A "cyber cowboy" named Case is in Chiba City, Japan. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. At the Chiba Hilton, Molly makes Case a cup of coffee to straighten him out. Michèle, Pierre, and Roland escort Case out of the hotel. Intro Plot Summary & Analysis Themes Quotes Characters Terms Symbols Theme Viz Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Neuromancer makes teaching easy. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). SimStim Term Analysis. Summary. for every book you read. A year here and he still dreamed of cyberspace, hope fading nightly. Neuromancer. More books than SparkNotes. Technically over 200 years old, he’s spent much of his life cryogenically frozen. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. More books than SparkNotes. Once, as the plane banked over water, Case saw the jewel-glow of a Greek island town. Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer William Gibson. Best summary. William Gibson Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1984. Summary. Only one squad of Special Forces men made it out. Neuromancer study guide contains a biography of William Gibson, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Armitage allowed Corto’s body to live a relatively normal life, but now, without any coping mechanisms, he’s out of control. More books than SparkNotes. Midway through the novel, Wintermute forces Case to dream of a wasp nest built in the window of his apartment when he was just fifteen. Detailed Summary & Analysis Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24When Case jacks out of cyberspace, Maelcum tells him Armitage is acting very strange. Analysis. A term coined by Gibson in 1982. McCoy “Dixie” “Flatline” Pauley. Get the summaries, analysis, and quotes you need. Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, a seminal work in the cyberpunk genre and the first winner of the science-fiction "triple crown" — the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Chapter 1. Short summary describing this game. Neuromancer is a cyberpunk, science fiction masterpiece—a classic that. Neuromancer Summary Henry Dorsett Case was a highly skilled console cowboy (computer hacker), who was feeling greedy when he was doing a job for his employer and figured he might be able to steal from them. Linda offers to take Case home, but the arcade begins to crack and vibrate, and she disappears. 3:21 Analysis of Neuromancer; 5:44 Lesson Summary; Save Timeline Autoplay Autoplay. Overall, the novel shows that humans depend on technology to feel interconnected, human identity is found through the fixation on technology, and that human life revolves around business. Which is fitting, since he lives close to the edge in Night City, a place where "death is the accepted for laziness. Active Themes. adventurous 72% dark 63% mysterious 53% tense 47% challenging 42% reflective 14% emotional 5% sad 4% funny 2% informative 2% inspiring 2%. Read More. Dystopia. She places three endorphin dermadisks on her wrist, the chemicals helping her power through the pain. Analysis. Much of the novel takes place in cyberspace, a computer-created reality. Back. Case believes that particular worldview is factually inaccurate. Neuromancer - Lib. As he walks, he considers Dixie, remembering how they met. He used to w. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). Part 4, Chapter 14 Part 4, Chapter 16. ”. Molly looks at the woman’s face; through the simstim, Case sees the face transform into Linda Lee and back. Summary Part 1: Chiba City Blues It is the 21st century, and a data thief named Case is living in Chiba City, Japan. Shuriken. Wintermute won, combining with Neuromancer. Sometimes Riviera’s illusions are funny and harmless, revealing his sense of humor. Many characters in Neuromancer are hooked on drugs, which the novel depicts as being incredibly destructive and dangerous, wreaking havoc on the lives and bodies of drug users and the people who care. Chapter 4. He is dismayed to be stuck in a physical body, which he often derisively refers to as “meat. The Finn, a middleman and friend of Molly’s, meets them in the room. More books than SparkNotes. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. At first, Case sees nothing—only a gray void. Summary. Chapter 1. Neuromancer takes place in a world where technology is taking over, and many characters prefer the world of cyberspace to the organic one. Now, he's a hustler in Chiba City, Japan where he owes money to a local drug. Lady 3Jane Marie-France Tessier-Ashpool. Armitage says its Case's lucky day and briefly discusses an old military operation called Screaming Fist. She gives Case a hit of betaphenethylamine, but it amps up his anger, and he ditches. Neuromancer Introduction + Context. Neuromancer Book Summary In “Neuromancer,” we meet our protagonist, Case, a washed-up computer hacker who gets a second chance at life when he’s hired for a risky cybercrime job. Chapter Summaries & Analyses. Enter the gritty world of cyberpunk with ‘Neuromancer Summary’ by William Gibson, where hackers and cybercriminals navigate the digital frontier. A year here and he still dreamed of cyberspace, hope fading nightly. GradeSaver provides access to 2254 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 10987 literature essays, 2750 sample college application essays, 879 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in. A man named Armitage sends Molly to recruit Case for a job. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). Analysis. Once upon a time, he was a talented console cowboy (computer hacker). by Philip K. As they fly, Molly asks Case if he’s heard from Wintermute. As Case and Molly physically approach the place where Molly will use the key she carries, Case and Dixie (and the Chinese virus) clash with Tessier-Ashpool's defenses in cyberspace. “I don’t know. ”. Analysis. The timeline below shows where the term Ono-Sendai appears in Neuromancer. Then he got caught with his hand in. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Necromancer. Case calls out to Wintermute, but gets no response. CCSS. Case is from a place called "the Sprawl" rather than from a specific city or from the United States. Meaning of Neuro-mancer. and translations of Neuromancer in the most comprehensive dic-tionary definitions resource on the web. Full Book Summary. Midtown Manhattan and outlines of old industrial parks around the old core of Atlanta have the busiest data exchange rate. Case is, in short, a man driven by a need to relive the grass-was-greener past. . Simulated Stimulation. Armitage breaks into their talk. The Neuromancer lesson plan is designed to help teachers and educators plan classroom activities and instruction. Wintermute doesn’t know the word, and can never know the word. Wintermute won, combining with Neuromancer. The novel, a fast-paced, gritty, Raymond Chandler -esque meditation on a. More books than SparkNotes. Related Contents: neuroma foot pain metatarsalgia plantar fasciitis mortons neuroma treatments neuroma morton acoustic neuroma neuroma acoustic neuro massage n. GradeSaver provides access to 2308 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 10989 literature essays, 2750 sample college application essays, 908 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in. The Finn/Wintermute explains that the head is a “ceremonial terminal,” and that Molly needs to speak the “right word at the right time,” when the virus has made it deep into the system. Neuromancer Summary | GradeSaver Neuromancer (Book, 1984) [WorldCat. "Neuromancer" is the first novel in "The Sprawl" trilogy. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS de-vices. Neuromancer by William Gibson - Chapter 2 summary and analysis. Neuromancer, written by William Gibson and published in 1984, is a science fiction novel best known for being one of the first examples of the "cyberpunk" genre. To keep the cargo secure, the data is locked by a password known only to the intended recipient. The Neuromancer lesson plan is designed to help teachers and educators plan classroom activities and instruction. The world portrayed in Neuromancer is a dystopia—a pessimistic depiction of a potential future for society. Bookmark File Neuromancer The Neuromancer Trilogy Free Download Pdf sprawl trilogy wikipedia neuromancer wikipedia neuromancer sprawl 1 by william gibson goodreads. He conjures an image of Ratz in his mind, who speaks to him, joking that in Chiba, he had destruction in his grasp, but instead. The Finn/Wintermute explains that the head is a “ceremonial terminal,” and that Molly needs to speak the “right word at the right time,” when the virus has made it deep into the system. Neuromancer Summary | GradeSaver Directed by Tim Miller. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award. Join Now Log in Home Lesson Plans Neuromancer: Final Paper and Exam: Final Exam Final Paper and Exam Neuromancer Lesson Plan Final Exam Join Now to View Premium Content. Active Themes. If there’s any Babylon, man, that’s it. Neuromancer Study Guide | Literature Guide | LitCharts. ru Neuromancer (Literature) - TV Tropes Neal Stephenson is a. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary. Jockey Term Timeline in Neuromancer. Mona Lisa Overdrive is a cyberpunk novel by William Gibson published in 1988 and the final novel of the Sprawl trilogy, following Neuromancer and Count Zero. Full Book Summary. Analysis. It is the second volume of the Sprawl trilogy, which begins with Neuromancer and concludes with Mona Lisa Overdrive, and is a well-regarded early example of the cyberpunk subgenre. [William Gibson] -- Case, a burned out computer whiz, is asked to steal a security code that is locked in the most heavily guarded databank in the solar sys-tem. They spoke together from the platinum head, explaining they erased the Turing records and all records of the crimes Molly, Case, and their team had committed. As they are questioning him, a microlight—a type of gardening robot—kills all three officers. Analysis. All the speed he took, all the turns. (full context)Shuriken Symbol Analysis. Neuromancer is the primary example of Cyberpunk alongside Blade Runner, showcasing the cynical use of technology so characteristic of that genre. was technically a law firm, which owned all of Freeside—an enormous settlement in orbit. Alone, Case asks Julius about Screaming Fist. Stephen resents Buck. Midway through the novel, Wintermute forces Case to dream of a wasp nest built in the window of his apartment when he was just fifteen. Neuromancer is important because of its astounding predictive power. Neuromancer - Lib. Fooled by a hologram of Ashpool, she shoots and accidentally detonates a grenade. He is nicknamed Flatline because he once famously flatlined when trying to crack Neuromancer ’s ice (although. The timeline below shows where the term Fletcher appears in Neuromancer. Neuromancer is the first in Gibson's Sprawl Trilogy, followed up by Count Zero (1886) and Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988). 656 Words3 Pages. Wintermute encompasses substantial power, even being able to manipulate the real world to accomplish its goals, yet with great. Then he got caught with his hand in the proverbial cookie jar, and his employers made it so he'd never be able to hack a computer again. Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer William Gibson. The first parts of the novel deal with the assembly of the team, Armitage as leader, Molly. Marie-France, my lady, she prepared this road, but her lord choked her off before I could read the book of her days. Dystopia. A console cowboy and former friend of Case ’s. Although common sense would describe the world outside of computers as “real” and the matrix as an illusion, both are seen as equally real by the characters in the novel. Neuromancer Summary and Analysis of Chapters 8-12 (Part III) Buy Study Guide. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). The Neuromancer quotes below are all either spoken by Dub or refer to Dub. More books than SparkNotes. Questions of identity and personhood are at the center of Neuromancer ’s plot—specifically, questions of who counts as a person, and what qualifies as a personality. Neuromancer study guide contains a biography of William Gibson, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Neuromancer Character Analysis | LitCharts. The first parts of the novel deal with the assembly of the team, Armitage as leader, Molly as. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of “Neuromancer” by William Gibson. The novel was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel, the Hugo Award for Best. He sees what she sees, feels what she feels, smells… well, you get the point. Case, the novel’s protagonist, is a console cowboy who makes his living plugging in to the matrix. Molly takes Case to the Chiba Hilton, where a man named Armitage offers Case a job. Read. 14). Stephen resents Buck. Posted by u/[Deleted Account] - 1 vote and 1 commentNeuromancer Introduction. The Sprawl trilogy (also known as the Neuromancer, Cyberspace, or Matrix trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of novels, composed of Neuromancer (1984), Count Zero (1986), and Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988). McCoy “Dixie” “Flatline” Pauley. Where you are, my friend. Summary See All. Plot summary []. The wall screen turns on, and it's Wintermute, or rather the personality that is both Wintermute and Neuromancer. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. (full context) Chapter 5. Find out what happens in our Chapter 10 summary for Neuromancer by William Gibson. The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel. Get all the key plot points of William Gibson's Neuromancer on one page. As they are questioning him, a microlight—a type of gardening robot—kills all three officers. Analysis. In Neuromancer, which was the first novel to win Science Fiction’s triple crown of the Hugo, Nebula, and Phillip K Dick awards in 1984, washed up hacker Case is given a second chance after a double cross lead his former employer to inject a drug that would disable him from ever jacking into cyberspace again. Everything you need. Money was deposited in bank accounts for both Case and Molly, as well as accounts belonging to Zion. As Stephen leaves for work, Buck orders him to leave the house key and meet them at the pub at 12:30. Cath tells him about how she and her brother make the party circuit, and they've met 3Jane Tessier-Ashpool and her bodyguard, Hideo. Read More. Case sits in the loft and considers the simstim. Molly ’s ex-boyfriend. Riviera’s drug addiction makes his behavior predictable, and compromises him. She loses consciousness, then wakes up surrounded by Riviera, 3Jane, and Hideo, 3Jane’s bodyguard. Summary. Cooper, James ed. The novel ends on a potential cliffhanger, leaving its conclusion up for the reader's interpretation. eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of Neuromancer. Molly enters Jane’s home in the center of Straylight. Neuromancer is the first novel of the writer William Gibson, and it was published on July 1, 1984 [1]. The Neuromancer lesson plan is designed to help teachers and educators plan classroom activities and instruction. Neuromancer study guide contains a biography of William Gibson, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Wintermute has sent Case back into his own memories. Neuromancer takes place some time in the 21st century. 13. Analysis. The Johnny Mnemonic character is a data trafficker who has undergone cybernetic surgery to have a data storage system implanted in his head. Case takes Molly to the Chat, and when he takes out an octagon of dex, she informs him that his new pancreas and the plugs in his liver will prevent. She suggests he drink a cup of coffee, and he obliges. Armitage. The first book, titled Neuromancer, tells the story of a data thief who finds himself banished from cyberspace after crossing the wrong people. Armitage promises to repair the damage done to Case's nervous system if he takes the job, allowing Case to access the matrix again. Gibson first read the story at a science fiction convention in Denver, Colorado in the autumn of 1981, to an audience of four people, among them Bruce Sterling (who Gibson later said "completely got it"). Plot- or character-driven?. Case goes to the Chat, a Japanese expatriates' bar owned by a mechanically-armed Russian named Ratz. GradeSaver provides access to 2308 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 10989 literature essays, 2751 sample college application essays, 911 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in. More books than SparkNotes. Cyberspace. Riviera’s drug use has doomed him in two ways; Molly poisoned his drug supply, and 3Jane has turned against him. Case picks a bar named Emergency. Neuromancer by William Gibson has been reviewed by Focus on the Family’s marriage and parenting magazine. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Complete summary of William Gibson's Neuromancer. The way he toys with the washed-up hacker case made me sometimes forget that he’s a machine. Ace Books, $25 (384pp) ISBN 978-0-441-01203-9. The arcade is totally empty. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of “Neuromancer” by William Gibson. The microlight is a kind of tiny hang glider. '. When Armitage, Molly’s boss, enters the room, he startles Case, who swings his mug at him but misses. He finds a new girlfriend and new jobs. It’s new—he began to feel it when Wintermute had recreated Linda Lee in the arcade, and then taken her away, “yanking away the simple animal promise of food, warmth, a place to sleep. The Finn Character Analysis. Wasp Nest Symbol Analysis. It is the final novel of the cyberpunk Sprawl trilogy, following Neuromancer and Count Zero, taking place eight years after the events of the latter. Molly. Neuromancer is often hailed as the archetypal (representative or standard) work of "cyberpunk" literature, a subgenre of science fiction that rose to popularity in the mid-1980s and was later adopted by film and television. Discuss how Gibson expands his vision of the world in Part II, as we begin to visit new environments. A corporate mercenary wakes in a reconstructed body, a beautiful woman by his side. There, I've added one more encomium to the graveyard where Gibson's career. Wintermute compares this wasp nest—which disgusted and frightened Case, prompting him to destroy it with a flamethrower—to the Tessier-Ashpool family. He knows intellectually that past the sky, on the ceiling, are more buildings and lakes, but “it made no sense to his body. Neuromancer Summary. Peter Marinker as Ashpool. In response, they maimed him by injecting a mycotoxin into his central nervous system. He walks along the beach towards a city in the distance, but he never gets closer to it. Speed Speed. “The lane to the land of the dead. William Gibson’s 1984 novel, Neuromancer, has been passed between filmmakers for years, but nothing concrete has ever materialized. Plot Summary. Neuromancer study guide contains a biography of William Gibson, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary. His ugliness was the stuff of legend. GradeSaver provides access to 2284 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 10987 literature essays, 2750 sample college application essays, 902 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in. Welcome to “Neuromancer,” a thrilling cyberpunk novel that will take you on a rollercoaster ride through a future that seems almost too real to be true. 317,717 ratings13,359 reviews. Freeside is a giant tube, and sunlight shines from the center, an illusion of the “recorded blue of a Cannes sky. 3. " Gibson doesn't specify when the novel takes place, but internal clues indicate that it is on Earth, in the 21st century, after a major war. Set in the future, the novel follows Henry Case, a washed-up hacker hired for one last job,. Corto wants to escape. “Molly’s inside. Part 1, Chapter 1. Neuromancer study guide contains a biography of William Gibson, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Read Part I (Chapters 1-2) Content Summary for Teachers Chapter 1. GradeSaver provides access to 2308 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 10989 literature essays, 2751 sample college application essays, 909 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in. Molly slaps him and tells him to stop playing games. With Molly's help, Case convinces 3Jane to give him the password needed to merge Wintermute and Neuromancer. PART FOUR. Case gets back on Marcus Garvey, the spaceship where Maelcum is, and decides. Dick Awards, Neuromancer is a science fiction masterpiece—a classic that ranks as one of the twentieth century’s most potent visions of the future. Dixie exists as a mental presence “exactly the sensation of someone. "Neuromancer" by William Gibson (1984) - This novel explores the intersection of. Wintermute doesn’t know the word, and can never know the word. Case believes that particular worldview is factually. Summary; Part 1, Chapter 1: Neuromancer takes place some time in the 21st century. As they worked, Case gradually became aware of the music that pulsed constantly. GradeSaver, 20 February 2023 Web. Chapter 8 Quotes. 3. Need help on characters in William Gibson's Neuromancer? Check out our detailed character descriptions. Both are summed up here: this man clones, rapes, and kills his daughters. “Neuromancer,” the boy said, slitting long gray eyes against the rising sun. Riviera’s drug addiction makes his behavior predictable, and compromises him. Plot Summary. . Summary. Part 1, Chapter 2. Money was deposited in bank accounts for both Case and Molly, as well as accounts belonging to Zion. Neuromancer study guide contains a biography of William Gibson, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. His book told the tale of "console cowboy" Henry Case, a freelance hacker who takes a job from a mysterious benefactor. Neuromancer is a cyberpunk novel set in a dystopian Japanese world. The novel is widely. More books than SparkNotes. More books than SparkNotes. ELA-LITERACY. Neuromancer takes place half in the organic world, and half in cyberspace. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. William Gibson. " Gibson doesn't specify when the novel takes place, but internal clues indicate that it is on Earth, in the 21st century, after a major war. Neuromancer, like its twin Wintermute, is like a single lobe of a human brain, capable of incredible thought, but ultimately limited. He had the Hosaka present a. Wintermute had hacked into the police station in order to reprogram the robots and force them to kill the officers. Two hours later, Case jacks out. GradeSaver provides access to 2308 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 10989 literature essays, 2750 sample college application essays, 908 lesson plans, and ad-free. System Crash is a story-driven cyberpunk collectible card game inspired by Blade Runner and Neuromancer. Chapter 3 sketches in more of the world of Neuromancer and does so—as Gibson often does—through suggestion and implication rather than direct statement. Brief Summary of Book: Neuromancer (Sprawl, #1) by William Gibson Here is a quick description and cover image of book Neuromancer (Sprawl, #1) written by William Gibson which was published in 1984-7-1 . Detailed Summary & Analysis Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24Neuromancer Summary. The main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a computer hacker whose nervous system is connected to a virtual reality world known as the matrix. The Neuromancer lesson plan is designed to help teachers and educators plan classroom activities and instruction. Wintermute is the entity behind Armitage ’s. Dick Awards, Neuromancer is a science fiction masterpiece—a classic that ranks as one of the twentieth century’s most potent visions of the future. a chance to jack into cyberspace, but Aerol dislikes it. A black-market supplier who lives and works in Chiba. Case then visits a coffin he’s rented for the past year in Cheap Hotel. Dick Award , and the Hugo Award . Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Beauman's latest novel, Glow, is unmistakably shaped by Pattern Recognition and its two sequels, Spook Country and Zero History. Blue Nine Term Timeline in Neuromancer. Chapter 2. Case sits in a loft and jacks into his simstim (simulation stimulation). Neuromancer - C64-Wiki Neuromancer - Wikipedia Neuromancer (Book, 1984) [WorldCat. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. The novel’s dystopian setting begins to take a clearer shape as Molly and Case travel across the world in what appears to be a matter of days, sometimes hours, going from Chiba City to the Sprawl to Istanbul and finally, to a. View Wikipedia Entries for Neuromancer…. Neuromancer by William Gibson For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual. Neuromancer Summary. He stops at one and buys a beer. Part II of Neuromancer continues many of the themes that were introduced in the novel’s initial chapters. From the creators of SparkNotes. More books than SparkNotes. Case gets back on Marcus Garvey, the spaceship where Maelcum is, and decides. Neuromancer takes place in a world where technology is taking over, and many characters prefer the world of cyberspace to the organic one. She explains she isn’t with Wage, like he had thought. Maelcum. Neuromancer Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction nov-el by American-Canadian writer William. Case goes to the Chat, a Japanese expatriates' bar owned by a mechanically-armed Russian named Ratz. Case asks what it is now. Nic并非那种什么都不懂的人，恰恰相反，他的脑子很聪明，也很有拼劲，所以只要想去做什么，多半都能成功。. Upon publication, Neuromancer received critical acclaim, winning the Nebula Award, the Hugo Award, and the Philip K.